The genus moraxella includes a number of different species of which moraxella lacunata is a human pathogen, causing purulent conjunctivitis presenting as an angular blepharoconjunctivitis. Moraxella catarrhalis is a type of bacteria that can cause infections in children as well as adults who have weakened immune systems. Moraxella catarrhalis infectious disease and antimicrobial. There are multiple species of moraxella, but the most noted, m. Moraxella catarrhalis is the most commonly isolated species and is responsible for cases of acute otitis media in children older than 3 months old, chronic and. The moraxella catarrhalis nitric oxide reductase is essential for. However, because the cellular morphology of this species is more similar to that of neisseria spp. Jan 27, 2011 the genus moraxella is divided into the subgenus moraxella, which includes all the rodshaped species, and the subgenus branhamella, which contains the cocci holt et al. Isolation of moraxella catarrhalis from sputum specimens.
Moraxella catarrhalis infection symptoms and treatments. Summary since its discovery at the end of the nineteenth century, moraxella branhamella catarrhalis has undergone several changes of nomenclature and periodic changes in its perceived status as either a commensal or a pathogen. Using conventional biochemical tests and two commercial identification kits. Moraxella species and morphologically similar organisms reported to have caused human infection16,17 m. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of moraxella catarrhalis at. Moraxella catarrhalis is the species most commonly associated with human infections, primarily of the respiratory tract. Dec 23, 2015 this is a gramnegative, aerobic, oxidasepositive diplococcus. Characterization of a moraxella species that causes. Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, gramnegative, aerobic, oxidasepositive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. Microbiology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Commercially available identification kit systems are sometimes unable to reliably identify unusual microorganisms. Moraxella is common in the winter months and puts babies and children at increased risk for frequent ear infections. Moraxella species are an unusual cause of endocarditis.
As and an analogtodigital converter ad converter, adc 216 unisense as. Rajesh kumar vaid, taruna anand, bidhan chandra bera, brihaspati narayan shukla, dinesh kumar nagar, gagandeep singh, nitin virmani, sanjay barua, birendra kumar singh and raj kumar singh. Out of a free ranging nomadic herd, six cases of ikc in sheep were randomly sampled. With development of new microbiological techniques such as matrixassisted laser desorptionionisation and timeofflight mass spectrometry malditof, new genera of bacteria are being found in samples of infected tissues. Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the main causes of middle ear infections in babies and small children. The highest attack rate in both men and women occurs between 15 and 29 years of age.
The genera moraxella including the former branhamella, acinetobacter and psychrobacter currently belong to the family moraxellaceae. Uk standards for microbiology investigations id 11. Moraxella catarrhalis repub, erasmus university repository. This genus now contains both coccoid and rodshaped bacteria, which are genetically related. It is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract and occasionally of the skin and urogenital tract 1. The genus moraxella is a member of the family moraxellaceae. Moraxella catarrhalis is classified with the genera neisseria, moraxella, kingella, and. Uk standards for microbiology investigations issued by the standards unit, public health england suggested citation for this document public health england.
Included in the study were 1,042 moraxella isolates from 1,538 swabs of lacrimal secretions collected from 282 herds from 30 u. It is suggested that moraxella may be closely related to neisseria, and that the description of the genus and its taxonomic position should be revised in accordance with lwoffs proposals. Moraxella bovis is the only organism for which kochs postulates have been fulfilled with respect to ibk. Moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory tract pathogen. In 1970, neisseria catarrhalis was reclassified as a member of the genus branhamella. Moraxella lacunata definition of moraxella lacunata by.
Meningitis lab manual id and characterization of neisseria cdc. Genotypic typing methods are more suitable for epidemiological investigations in relation to moraxella spp. Moraxella catarrhalis is the main species of significance in humans and, as such, the majority of genotyping research has been performed. Moraxella osloensis is an aerobic, gramnegative, lactosenonfermenting coccobacillus. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins. Moraxella catarrhalis is the most commonly isolated species and is responsible for cases of acute otitis media in children older than 3 months old, chronic and serious otitis media fever, acute ear pain, irritability, and can escalate to sepsis and cns infection, acute and chronic sinusitis occasional fever, nasal or postnasal discharge.
Epidemiology gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease of worldwide importance. Dynamics of moraxella catarrhalis colonization and infection. During the 1960s and early 1970s moraxella catarrhalis was classified as neisseria catarrhalisa nonpathogenic inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract. Moraxella definition of moraxella by medical dictionary. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidasepositive, and catalasepositive properties. Moraxella strains from such clinical sources as the urogenital tract, blood cultures, and pus.
Moraxella spp, sphingomonas spp free download as powerpoint presentation. Isolation and molecular identification of moraxella ovis. Neonatal moraxella osloensis ophthalmia to the editor. Like other members of the family neisseriaceae, moraxella spp. Moraxella species are gram negative rods or cocci, but often with a. Mb1 and its biotechnological applications in salicylic acid bioconversion. Moraxella subgenus moraxella rods are often very short and plump, approaching a coccus shape. The species most studied of this subgenus is moraxella bovis, which is the cause of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle and horses hughes and pugh, 1970.
Mar 04, 2014 uk standards for microbiology investigations id 11. Moraxella catarrhalis is classified with the genera neisseria, moraxella, kingella, and acinetobacter in the family neisseriaceae. Feb 17, 2010 genus moraxella consists of seven species, m. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Information and translations of moraxella in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Moraxella species are inhabitants of the environment as well as part of the normal flora of skin and mucosal surfaces. Molecular and typing studies have shown that the m. Recently van bijsterveld 43 described a strain isolated from an infected eye, which he considered a new species, but did. Isolation and molecular identification of moraxella ovis and moraxella spp.
India abstract moraxella catarrhalis is a humanspeci. Moraxella organisms are small, gramnegative bacteria that grow well on blood or chocolate agar. The genus moraxella, in bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology. Moraxella porci is a gramnegative, aerobic, catalase and oxidasepositive, nonendosporeforming bacterium in the genus moraxella, which was isolated from the brain of a pig suffering from meningitis. The fully automated riboprinter has been developed and marketed by. Meningitis due to moraxella nonliquefaciens in a paediatric patient. Identification of moraxella species and morphologically similar.
It is a leading cause of otitis media in children, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd, and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Cells usually occur in pairs or short chains with one plane of division. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and. Moraxella is a genus of gramnegative bacteria in the moraxellaceae family. The organism has also been known as micrococcus catarrhalis, neisseria catarrhalis, and branhamella catarrhalis.
Moraxella simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Moraxella catarrhalis gonorrhea std information from cdc. To differentiate moraxella species from neisseria species. Jul 01, 2009 moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen and is a common cause of otitis media in infants and children, causing 15%20% of acute otitis media episodes. Swiss medical weekly moraxella osloensis, an emerging.
Lighter and smaller that its predecessors, the bixolon spp r310 is a 3inch 80mm mobile receipt and label printer with card reader options and choice of wired and wireless connectivity, including wlan or bluetooth. Acinetobacter species may also be misidentified as moraxella species. Moraxella species normally exist as part of the human upper respiratory tract flora and rarely cause invasive human disease. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of moraxella catarrhalis at a tertiary care hospital b.
The equine conjunctiva, like other species, has multiple types of bacteria residing as normal flora. Learn more about this bacteria, including how to treat the. Moraxella spp, sphingomonas spp microbiology bacteria. There is an increased frequency of b lactamase production by haemophilus influenza and moraxella catarrhalis, penicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and multiple drug resistance of streptococcus pneumonia. Point prevalence of infection with mycoplasma bovoculi and. Neisseria, moraxella, kingella, and acinetobacter 2 acting complement components are at increased risk for disseminated infections. Identification of moraxella species and morphologically similar organisms. The moraxella genus comprises at least 15 species which are biochemically homogenous, limiting the usefulness of phenotypic typing methods. Fermentation products of solvent tolerant marine bacterium moraxella spp. It is also the cause of upper respiratory tract infections, and sometimes pneumonia.
Moraxella catarrhalis is the most commonly isolated species and is responsible for cases of acute otitis media in children older than 3 months old, chronic and serious otitis media fever, acute ear pain, irritability, and can escalate to sepsis and cns infection, acute and chronic sinusitis occasional fever, nasal or postnasal discharge, cough, fetid breath, sinus pain, and headache, upper and lower. Moraxella article about moraxella by the free dictionary. Species moraxella atlantae moraxella bovis moraxella branhamella catarrhalis moraxella branhamella caviae moraxella branhamella cuniculi. These small diplococci are morphologically difficult to distinguish from neisseria. It is named after victor morax, a swiss eye specialist ophthalmologist. Moraxella subgenus branhamella 27 plus species including. Again, our data suggest a synergistic interaction between myc. Jan 08, 2018 moraxella catarrhalis is a type of bacteria that can cause infections in children as well as adults who have weakened immune systems. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology 2nd edition vol two. A heightened appreciation for branhamella catarrhalis as a true pathogen occurred during the 1970s. It is named after the swiss ophthalmologist victor morax.
They are strictly aerobic, oxidasepositive, catalasepositive, dnasepositive and asaccharolytic. The existence of this species, therefore, remainsto be confirmed. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic. Isolation and molecular identification of moraxella ovis and. Pdf fermentation products of solvent tolerant marine. Moraxella isolates were identified to the species level and were composed of m. Sppr310 bixolon mfi printer, auto id printer, mobile. Moraxella catarrhalis is now recognized as an important cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative, diplococcus, aerobic infectious pathogen that is a common cause of upper respiratory, middle ear, and eye infections. Identification of moraxella species and morphologically similar organisms scope of document this national standard method nsm describes the identification of moraxella species and those species which are morphologically similar. Moraxella catarrhalis can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, gramnegative, aerobic, oxidasepositive. Six out of 15 40% were isolated from patients with chronic lung disease.
Despite the few species that have been characterized, the breadth of moraxella subgenus moraxella variants, organ tropism, and host range may well be quite extensive. Free pdf printer and other freeware create pdf documents from windows applications convert microsoft access databases to mysql. Summary moraxella catarrhalis formerly known as branhamella catarrhalis has. Anaerobic cocci table3 examples of inherent resistance. Moraxella osloensis is an aerobic, gramnegative coccobacillus infrequently isolated from clinical specimens. Uk standards for microbiology investigations issued by the standards unit, public health england scope of document this smi describes the identification of moraxella species and those species which are morphologically similar. Duringacomparison ofthese strains with eight other moraxella species, it was found that the ability to deaminatephenylalanine is not limited to m. Molecular analysis based on dna hybridisation or 16s rdna sequence comparisons has established its phylogenetic position as a member of the moraxellaceae and shown. Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. Ramana and abhijit chaudhury department of microbiology, sri venkateswara institute of medical sciences, tirupati, a. Similarly, the prevalence of the other moraxella spp. Moraxella catarrhalis is a gramnegative diplococcus that commonly colonizes the upper respiratory tract.
Define and describe the diseases associated with moraxella catarrhalis and the pathogenic neisseria spp. Nothing more seems to have been publishedaboutthisspecies, andanattemptto obtain a culture failed. Moraxella catarrhalis is a gramnegative obligate aerobe that is an important. Sep 20, 2018 moraxella catarrhalis is a gramnegative, aerobic, oxidasepositive diplococcus that was first described in 1896. Because of its rarity, the clinical significance and appropriate therapy for patients with infections due to m. These pathogen safety data sheets, regulated under workplace hazardous materials information system whmis legislation, are produced for personnel working in the life sciences as quick safety reference material relating to infectious microorganisms. Moraxella catarrhalis and branhamella catarrhalis are homotypic synonyms and it has been suggested that the genus should be divided into two subgenera, moraxella and branhamella.